What is missional? And how do we know if we’re “doing it”? Is missional just about good works done in the name of Jesus? Is it sharing the gospel? Or does it entail something deeper and more substantial?
Charles is in leadership at a larger church south of the Mason-Dixon line and has been thinking and talking about how to transition his large, Sunday-centered church to one that engages missionally in the neighborhood.
I asked him about what he’s learning about being missional; he told me this story:
We got about 10 churches from our area
together – across denominational lines, small and large- to do a canned
food drive. We realized the food pantry in our city was understocked and
desperately in need. So we launched a 4-week campaign where we gathered
over 20,000 cans of food for the hungry and homeless! The end of our
campaign culminated in a public worship service at an outdoor stage in
one of the nicest shopping centers in town. We had an outdoor, public
2-hour worship service where we gave testimonies about how the canned
food campaign changed our perspectives and hearts, sang and worshipped
God, and behind the worship team we had stacked most of the canned foods
we’d raised to be this giant wall, bearing witness to the work God had
done. It was AWESOME. I think our church–and the larger Christian
community–is finally getting the hang of being missional.
Missional or Good Works?
Being missional is sort of like the word “Natural”: everyone has a favorable impression of it, but none of us *really* know what it means.Does anyone really want to buy food that says, “unnatural”?
Does anyone want to be known as “anti-missional”?
Because we all want to be missional we end up with a lot of different takes on what this means. As I listened to Charles’ story I thought: I would never describe this campaign and worship event as missional. A good work done in Jesus’ name, yes; but when I use the word missional I’m referring to something much different.
Missional, as I understand it, is not so much an activity as it is a way of being in the world – a posture, we could call it – where our relationship to power, possessions, and popularity is different than the dominant culture’s. I want to look at these three different postures in Luke 10, which I take to be a paradigmatic text on what it means to be missional.
Power
In Luke 10, Jesus commissions and sends out seventy-two of his disciples to engage in his mission. They weren’t recognized leaders and didn’t have worldly titles or positions. They didn’t engage in mission as ones “in charge.” Rather, they are sent out:- in pairs so as not to overwhelm towns by their sheer numbers
- “as sheep among wolves” as a reminder that they will experience danger and be weak
- commanded to pray (lit. “plead”) to the Lord for more workers to be sent out as they go as a reminder they aren’t expected to “power up” to get the job done, but learn to fully rely on God’s power (and others) for this mission (Luke 10.1-3).
The Empire impulse is to lead, leveraging structural and institutional power with worldly strength, for kingdom purposes. Empire impulse makes use of tactics and strategies to employ positional or societal authority on God’s behalf. There is ample evidence in the New Testament that much of God’s mission proceeded without making use of worldly power (e.g., 1 Cor 2.1-5; Gal 1.10ff; 2 Cor 10-11).
To be missional is to go into God’s mission commissioned, yet fervently praying (surrendered sent-ness), as sheep among wolves (meekness), laying down our rights, privileges, positions, titles, etc. for the sake of God’s powerful kingdom being made manifest (self-emptied posture of submission).
Possessions
Jesus reorders not only their relationship to power, but also to their possessions. The next section of Luke 10 describes the posture his disciples should take towards what they have:- Take no money, no change of clothes or shoes.
- Go having to rely on the hospitality of those who need the Kingdom of God (“remain in the house, eat and drink what is set before you”) (Luke 10.4-5).
The Affluent impulse is to give out of what we have, to help from abundance. This impulse operates under the logic that those who ‘have’ give what those who ‘have not’ are lacking. The posture of benevolence, of being the one who gives, creates a divisive relational dynamic that works against the reconciling work of making all of us one in Christ Jesus. To be missional is to necessarily enter into a mutual relationship with those we want to reach. We receive what others offer, placing ourselves at their mercy. Out of this posture of need and dependence we are able to share in the work of Jesus together. Notice in Luke 10.8 that the kingdom comes not just in the healing, but also in offering food and drink. God’s kingdom comes in the giving and receiving, the mutuality, the new economy of mutual love and power that is created under the Lordship of Jesus.
To be missional is to go in need to those we want to serve, to depend on others for provision and hospitality, and to allow the giving and receiving mutuality of God’s kingdom to birth a new community where Jesus is Lord.
Popularity
Finally, Jesus commissions his friends to minister in his name in a way that is unremarkable and quiet. He instructs and advises them in the following:- Not talk to people on the way
- To stay in the house that first greets them, not moving from house to house
- That not everyone will like or receive them; they are to move on
- Not to focus on the work they do but on their relationship to the Father (Luke 10.4, 7, 10-11, 20)
The Celebrity impulse says, “What could be better than our efforts to reach lost people ‘going viral’ and getting 1,000,000 views?” Celebrities crave platforms, camera time, notoriety. Jesus trains his followers to shun the spotlight, to do things in secret, to act in small, concrete, faithful ways. Those who try to gain an audience, who want lots of people to follow them (Simon the Magician, the widows in Ephesus) are contrasted in scripture with those who demonstrate their wisdom by the humility of their good lives (James 3).
To be missional is to eschew the platform spotlight for the dining room table; to cultivate deep, abiding relationships with those who are open regardless of how strategic or important the person is. Jesus is content with faithful presence, done with integrity, in small ways, without it being live tweeted or going public.
Giving food to hungry people with other churches and holding a public worship service to celebrate this act is no doubt a good work done in Jesus’ name. I contend, however, that it falls short of engaging missionally in our world because it fails to engage substantially in deconstructing the impulses of Empire, Affluence, and Celebrity that work against the logic of God’s kingdom. To engage missionally is not only to do good works, but to assume a posture that reorders our relationship to Power (Empire), Possessions (Affluence), and Popularity (Celebrity). In this reordering God’s Kingdom is made manifest: God’s power comes upon us, we learn to live in abundant mutuality, not seeking the approval of the world but living out of the pleasure of God.
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